Poetry and Forbidden Ear E. Essay Example

Verse and Forbidden Ear E. Exposition Example Verse and Forbidden Ear E. Paper Verse and Forbidden Ear E. Paper Sonnet: Success is tallied best Success is checked best By the individuals who neer succeed. To grasp a nectar Requires sorest need. Not one of all the purple Host Who took the Flag today Can tell the definition So away from Victory As he defeateddying On whose prohibited ear The far off strains of triumph Burst struggled and clear! Emily Dickinson 1. Rework: Lines 12: individuals with progress regularly dont acknowledge as much as washouts do. Refrain 1 : A washout realizes how to welcome a snapshot of achievement since they don’t have it. Refrain 2 : Winners don’t comprehend accomplishment as much as the failures do they likewise don’t recognize what they can achieve as champs. Refrain 3: The Dying solider hears the triumphant group celebrate over a real estate parcel, while for the withering solider winning would be the opportunity to live. 2. Structure The structure of this sonnet is three quatrains. 3. Meter and sound gadgets: A. Meter: Trimeter b. Similar sounding word usage: Success is considered best he crushed †passing on He took the banner today C. Rhyme: By the individuals who ne’er succeed; requires sorest need. On picked taboo ear; burst anguished and clear. D. Consonance: Not one of all the purple Host Not one of all the purple Host Can tell the definition On whose taboo ear E. Sound similarity: Success is tallied best. 4. Sayings: A. Similitude: The vanquished solider is contrasted with the capacity to value something you don’t have B. Catch 22: Success is tallied best: By the individuals who ne’er prevail To grasp nectar: Requires sorest need. . Imagery: â€Å"Success is checked best by the individuals who ne’er succeed† Success means the world to a failure, no one but he can acknowledge and taste genuine triumph. â€Å"To grasp nectar requires sorest needs† You really value something when you don’t have it. â€Å"Not one of all the purple host, who took the banner today, can tell the definition so away from victory† When the triumphant group puts their banner high they become exceptionally glad despite the fact that they didn’t tru ly win anything. As he crushed passing on whose illegal ear the far off strains of triumph burst anguished and clear† No one in the triumphant group know the genuine importance of triumph as much as a withering solider hearing the group celebrate when all he needs is to live. 6. Subject: The topic is having the option to value something we don’t have and underestimating something we have. 7. State of mind/Tone: The tone is dispassionate: the speaker is detailing what she sees yet ceases from communicating compassion or sympathy. 8. Creators Intent: The Authors purpose was to show human inclination of underestimating things rather than be appreciative for what we have.

Grocery, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Basic food item, Inc - Case Study Example Along these lines Masterpiece contended that it had done as such to the greatest advantage of both the gatherings in question. John W. Ralls in Subcontractor May Pursue Claim for Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing in Contract yet May Not Pursue a Cardinal Change Theory. June 11, 2001 clarifies a comparative case in Wyoming. Basic food item contended that it was not referenced that the agreement would not be given over to a sub-temporary worker without the assent of both the gatherings on the grounds that the understanding was marked by a student, who was not so much as a significant and had no clue or experience about the subject. Consequently, the legitimacy of the understanding itself was being referred to. Likewise, the nature of development of the structure was poor, consequently putting Grocery's notoriety in question. Basic food item is an eminent brand everywhere throughout the US and is known for its stores and items. The significant contention, anyway was that Masterpiece neglected to illuminate Grocery about the subcontracting regarding the work to Build To Fall, which was a penetrate of trust. The Hon'ble court gave the judgment that Masterpiece had in fact depended on a break of trust and requested Masterpiece to re-try the entire employment, with no additional pay and inside a timeframe of four months; or, in all likelihood pay a harm case of $ xyz. The gatherings concur this is an instance of initial introduction in Missouri as Missouri courts have not explicitly tended to whether a lender is committed to apply continues from an abandonment deal to all credits in default made sure about by a similar insurance according to an ace or umbrella advance understanding. The two gatherings guarantee the goals of the issue is administered by area 400.9-601(a), which gives in appropriate part, (an) After default, a made sure about gathering has the rights given in this part and, with the exception of as in any case gave in area 400.9-602, those gave by understandings of the gatherings. A made sure about gathering: (1) May decrease a case to judgment, dispossess, or in any case implement the case, security intrigue, or rural lien by any accessible legal strategy; what's more, area 400.9-615(a), which gives in relevant part, (an) A made sure about gathering will apply or pay over for application the money

The Nature of Nursing Practice Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Nursing Practice Essay Nursing practice, similar to medication, is additionally represented with moral standards by which they are required to play out their obligations. For sure, the ethical feeling of their obligation lies with in this setting of moral contemplations which as per Anne Bishop and John Scudder is â€Å"to lift out the ethical importance of their training and to create office in seeing how to satisfy the ethical goals in their practice† (2001, p. 13) Religious administrator and Scudder battles that the ethical issue in nursing morals â€Å"concern with relationship of good in the feeling of mindful, proficient, and compelling with great in the individual sense† (2001, p. 19). It methods for understanding the methods for the act of nursing and utilizing them to encourage government assistance of the patient. Graham Rumbold in his book, Ethics in Nursing, brought up that nursing advances as an unmistakable calling from a medication. He stated, â€Å"Nurses no longer consider themselves to be handmaidens to the specialist be that as it may, at any rate, accomplices in care and, best case scenario experts in their own right† (Rumbold 1999, p. 9) Patricia Cronin and Karen Rawlings-Anderson refering to Pierson (1999) called attention to that nursing practice, training and research has been essentially affected via Cartesian way of thinking. They state, â€Å"Nursing utilizing the shows of Cartesian way of thinking would have the option to depict, clarify, foresee, and control the marvels of worry in nursing practice† (Cronin Anderson 2004, p. 10). As to practice of nursing, William Cody brought up that the medical caretaker â€Å"is committed to rehearse so that looks to maintain a strategic distance from hurt and to profit the patient† (2006, p. 139). Cody said great nursing is in excess of a bunch of method in that it includes a pledge to an ethical end and is coordinated and judge by the end. George Khushf underscored that nursing practice must be represented by moral conduct and portrayed the great attendant as â€Å"an person who was prudent and who kept certain standards in thinking about the sick† (Khushf 2004, p. 490). Khushf brought up that the moral practices that were anticipated from the attendant, included dependability, unobtrusiveness, reliability, compliance, expeditiousness, quietness, brightness, and reverence to power figure (2004, p. 490). Louise Rebraca Shives that the ANA or the American Nurses Association recognized four essential standards to direct moral choices; â€Å"The client’s right to self-rule, the client’s right to helpfulness, (doing great by the medical caretaker), the client’s right to veracity (genuineness and truth by the attendant), and the moral principle4s of devotion or the medical attendant reliable obligations, commitments, and guarantees while giving care† (Shives 2006, p. 52) Be that as it may, nurses’ duty stretches out past their medical clinic obligations. Sarah T. Fry contended, â€Å"Practicing medical attendants are additionally liable for working inside the expert association to build up and keep up evenhanded social and monetary working conditions in cursing† (Fry 2002, p. 136). Fry focused on that attendant teams up with collaborators in carrying social and monetary worries to the attention to businesses and the individuals from the network, regardless of whether this way to partake in composed work exhibit. Notwithstanding of the significance of the nursing practice in medical clinics, attendants may likewise be at incredible danger of being sued on the off chance that one seems absent or lethargic to the necessities of the patient, the family, or both.â Charles Sharpe called attention to, â€Å"The expert who endeavor to mind too much† (1999, p. 42). He underscored that the scrupulous, committed attendant who violates the constraints of his clinical aptitudes, preparing, and proficient information in giving what likely could be fastidious consideration, places the person in question self and the patient in danger (Sharpe 1999, p. 42). Susan Westrick Killion and Katherine Dempski focused on that â€Å"when a nurse’s proficient carelessness ascends to the degree of crazy negligence for human life the medical attendant may deal with criminal indictments of careless murder or manslaughter† (2006, p. 9). Work refered to Minister, AH Scudder, JR 2001, Nursing Ethics: Holistic Caring Practice, Jones Bartlett Publisher, Massachusetts, USA. Cody, W 2006, Philosophical and Theoretical Perspectives for Advanced Practice, Jones and Bartlett Publisher, Massachuserrs, USA. Cronin, P Anderson KR 2004, Knowledge for Contemporary Nursing Practice, Elsevier Limited, London, UK. Fry, St 2002, Ethics in Nursing Practice: A Guide To Ethical Decision Making, Blackwell Publishing Company, Oxford, UK. Khusf, G 2004, Handbook Of Bioethics: Taking Stock of the Field From a Philosophical Perspective, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, USA. Killion, SW Dempski K 2006, Quick Look Nursing: Legal and Ethical Issues, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Massachusetts, USA. Rumbold, G 1999, Ethics in Nursing Practice, Elsevier Limited, Philadelphia, USA.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Sharpe, C 1999, Nursing Malpractice: Liability and Risk Management, Green Wood Publishing Group, USA. Shives, LR 2006, Basic Concepts of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Academic Papers

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Academic Papers Academic Papers Explained If you would like to make an academic essay which is both outstanding and relevant, always set the items that we've discussed above in mind. A running head with the total title of the essay must show up on the title page. If it is a particular topic or directs you to choose a topic about a particular subject or time period, you're in luck. Define the target of your article right after you select a topic for your upcoming work. Want to Know More About Academic Papers? There's no other greater approach to describe academic writing, more than the simple fact that it's thesis-driven. The features of academic writing involve using an official tone. For so many generations, it has become a good way to release the thoughts of men and put them into something tangible for others to read. Determining your own personal writing style will allow it to be much simpler to zero in on your very own personal strengths, take far better advantage of your talent, and boost the effect of your writing. The Academic Papers Cover Up Our writers can offer you with quality sample papers on unique topics which will be perfect in content and fashion. Some papers may need an abstract. Since academic essays are popular in the business of education and research, you have to be certain your writing is both logical, interesting and informative. In other words, an academic essay may be an evidence of the depth of your research procedures and the rest of the activities you have executed so you can support the content of your written output. It's possible to write a gorgeous paper, but if your information isn't right, or when you base your ideas on incorrect facts, you might get a failing grade. For research papers, you're expected to select a topic and take part in independent research (typically in the library or on the internet) to find information and sources. You shouldn't incorporate any new details. There's so much information out there, especially on the web, so learning how to sift through everything to discover accurate and appropriate information is an important aid to students that are new to doing university level research, Vincent states. Creating work without a crystal clear outline is exactly like traveling without a map. If you're not certain about the writing mechanics in your paper, get assist. If you would like to turn in a paper that will fit your style of writing and satisfy your instructor, then the much easier way isn't the very best thing to do. The very first thing which you will need wh en it has to do with writing an academic paper is patience. When you submit your paper, make sure to keep a safe copy. Be ready you will want to write more than 1 draft or revise your paper repeatedly. Unless you're writing your paper the evening before it's due, place your paper away for a day or more. Next, it's critical that you outline your academic paper. A paper with superior grammar be sure you won't need to correct any mistakes. Academic editing will be more expensive than a normal edit. A superb sentence and content structure is still quite important to raise readability. It is essential for ESL students to learn grammar so they have the ability to express personal thoughts in the correct syntax. You ought to be detached and objective in your writing. Proofreading and editing are incredibly important elements of the writing procedure, and all written work can be greatly improved by means of a copy editor. Don't forget, plagiarism is the principal sin in academic writing. An individual should also employ an editor only because they ensure your arguments are correctly put on the page, which means that the professor is going to have a simpler time reading through the paper. Writing an essay may be an exasperating, maddening course of action. An academic essay always must be relevant. Always bear in mind your academic essay ought to be playful it must not bore your audience. New Questions About Academic Papers So following is a primer written for college students on the best way to compose an academic paper, though a number of the advice would be helpful for anybody writing anything. One of the things which students commonly forget in academic writing is using the third individual. Writing academically on a college level is a difficult work which requires a great deal of time and energy. Being a college student is more than only the Greek houses and the way you can make them want you. Understanding Academic Papers Your academic essay should evo ke an emotion that is needed to spark different ideas, opinions and other sorts of responses. An academic writer must be research oriented and analytic in her or his approach. Based on the subject of education where you are in, you want to be sure your readers can observe patterns of evidence presented in order that they can clearly see how you had the ability to generate and produce insights. Academic writing help thrives on using rationality.

Inevitable Cold War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1541 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Cold War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Lets parse this and break down some of the reasons that the Cold War broke out. First of all, at the end of the Second World War the Soviets were the dominant land force in Europe, but this force had some severe limitations. First of all, their logistical machinery was largely supplied by the Americans: they couldnt have been nearly as successful without those Studebakers and the thousands of miles of phone lines, etc., that came in from the US. Furthermore, this army had run out of replacements in January 1945, so its combat strength could only go down. Next, there wasnt an easy way to feed these troops, because the Soviet Union was so decimated. Also, while the Soviet Air Force was good, it wasnt on the level of the US and British Air Forces. And, of course, the Soviet Union did not have the atom bomb. This means that while the Soviets were imposing and very scary to the West, they had weaknesses of which Stalin was largely aware. The Westerners understood that the Soviet military was flawed, but they also knew that the cost of fighting the Soviet Union would have been enormous. Could the Soviet Union have won a war with a determined West in 1945? Absolutely not, but victory would have taken years and several more atom bombs. Now, the Soviet Unions leadership were concerned about the Western threat. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inevitable Cold War" essay for you Create order In fact, they had been paranoid about this threat for decades. Lets be clear, there were many times that the threat had manifested itself in violence. Stalin and his cronies made some incorrect assumptions about the Western threat, though. First of all, they lumped the Nazis in with the British and the Americans: Stalin always feared they would come to an accommodation. Secondly, the Soviet Unions leading economic theorists believed that the prime economic engine of the West was the United States. The United States produced an enormous amount of stuff, but it did so with deficit spending and its spending was devoted to war materials. With the war coming to an end the US home front was going to be flooded with returning veterans for whom there were no jobs. Furthermore, there was practically no consumption at home to sustain spending, so American industries would collapse again from lack of demand. This would open the door for communist success in the West and Stalin wanted to be ready for that. Lets add something into all of the above: the Soviet Union had a huge army that it could not feed. It couldnt afford to release its veterans back home because there was no place for them to go. The solution was to keep them in uniform occupying Eastern Europe. They looted the land under the guise of reparations and also provided a useful buffer for the Soviet Union. Now, Stalins economic assumptions were actually more or less correct. In the immediate aftermath of the War the West did suffer some bad recessions. There wasnt enough food. There certainly werent enough jobs for returning US servicemen. Communist parties in Europe made lots of headway. What Stalin did not anticipate was the way in which America responded. First of all, the US was more prepared for returning servicemen than even they realized. The GI Bill was a stroke of genius. For one thing, it gave many servicemen the opportunity to go to college. That meant that many servicemen ended up going to school instead of returning to the work force. This alone forced an expansion of the education sector which in turn drove domestic consumption. The educated folks who graduated years later provided the basis for the educated workforce the US needed. The GI Bill also allows for servicemen to get decent mortgage rates, etc. This made it easier for employed servicemen to buy a house. Now, the construction industry had been moribund for much of the Depression and only returned to life during the War. Well, the construction during the War was not for civilian use, so there was a huge pent up demand for housing. The construction industry actually expands. So, in the US there was a minor recession, but it was ameliorated in the long term by the GI Bill. The GI Bill was not intended to save the US from economic ruin: it was just a bonus. But the Marshall Plan was intended to save the West from economic ruin. People forget how much money and aid the US was already sending overseas and they focus on the Marshall Plan. This is for a very good reasons: the Marshall Plan was designed to jump start industry. It was all loan money, sure, but the US had rules on how it was to be spent. The first 40% could be spent on foreign (US) goods. This, of course, drove the US economy even further. The next 60%, though, had to be spent on local industry. This was brilliant. The US was essentially writing a check to allow Western countries to deficit spend to rebuild their industrial sectors. Now, if youre Stalin, you see postwar Europe going the way you want it to, then you begin to perceive a sudden turning of the tide against you. To Stalin this looks like a direct threat to him and the Soviet Union. Stalin knew that the Soviet Union and its satellite states were woefully behind in reconstruction. In Stalins opinion he had to pressure the West into making humiliating concessions to the Soviet Union. The idea here was to demonstrate to Europe that the Soviets were the only true power on the continent. If the US backed down from a war, then the Western countries would realize the US wont help them resist the Soviets. Thus, we get recurring Berlin Crises, etc. Of course, the US did stand up to the Soviet Union which resulted in a hardening of the Western alliance. Stalins miscalculation in this respect led to the consolidation of anti-communist sentiment. Stalin was brutal and evil, but he was not an idiot. His calculations are rational, but his conclusions were all wrong . A few things happened. One of them is George Kennan. George Kennan articulated the theory of containment. Basically, he argued that the communist states could not possibly succeed unless they had access to all of the worlds resources, otherwise they would always be forced into the market for the things they needed and that was to their disadvantage. To this end, Kennan posited, the Soviet Union needed to push worldwide revolution: communism could only be successful when it achieved world domination. Now Kennans theory is widely reviled and he himself complained how much it was misinterpreted. He was right that economically a true communist state could only succeed if it had all means of production under its control. He was wrong in assuming that that was necessarily Stalins goal. Stalin more likely wanted to neuter the major powers around him and to dominate Eurasia. In other words, Stalins motivation was defensive driven by his paranoia. In any case, Kennan argued that stopping the communist tide rested on a combination of approaches, diplomatic, cultural, economic, and military. To his consternation, most US governments interpreted Kennans plan as necessitating military involvement and commitment and ignoring the other factors he laid out. This was a dumb choice, because it meant ignoring the USs other strengths to compete wit h the Soviet Unions one strength. Kennan lays out a policy, but it catches fire for many reasons. One is that many politicians in the US are already inclined to be anti-communist. Even if theyre somewhat socialistic in their outlook they are often anti-Soviet. Plus, the sense is that giving the communists an inch anywhere would be appeasement, and that led to disaster with Hitler. During the Depression Roosevelt had a coalition that included many socialist/communist sympathizers. There was certainly an uptick in Communist Party membership. Thats not a problem, except the Comintern tried to keep fairly tight control of communist parties outside of the Soviet Union. The perception was that the Soviets controlled the foreign communist parties. At the very least the Soviet Union used the communists and their fellow travelers as a recruiting base for spies. As spies were uncovered paranoia in the United States mounted. Toss in the fact that politicians were using the spy issue to undermine their political and cultural opponents, and no one wants to be seen as soft on communism. What we have here is a ratcheting process: The Soviet Union was trying to achieve its goals by frustrating the United States. The United States felt that the Soviet Union was trying to expand its power by any means necessary. They ended up both raising the stakes, because neither one wanted to be humiliated. I think the Cold War could not have been avoided given what people knew at the time. Both sides were rational but had totally different domestic pressures and ways of looking at the world. Neither could see a way out of confrontation without backing down. I also dont believe the Cold War could have been avoided given what we know now. Only if the Soviets and the Americans gave up their lifelong preconceptions about the other, which would be incredibly unrealistic.

Age Of Enlightenment Vs Life Today - 2752 Words

Age of enlightenment vs life today Introduction There are various eras that have been in existence since the beginning of the world. One of these famous eras is the age of enlightenment also referred to as the age of reason or simply the enlightenment. Age of enlightenment refers to the time that guided intellectual movements known as The Enlightenment. We can say that in the world today, there still exists some form of enlightenment that is going on. The enlightenment today comes from a new practices and understandings that have been embraced in the social sector. There are some similarities and differences between the age of enlightenment and the life today. The paper will look at how these two compare in terms of their similarities and differences. From the comparison, there can be conclusions made on the relevance of the enlightenment age and the life today. Thesis How the age of enlightenment compares to life today. The age of enlightenment; definition and time frame The term enlightenment in English fully came out in the 19th- century later parts. There has been little consensus on the exact beginning of this age of enlightenment whether it is at the beginning of the 18th century which is 1701 or at the middle of the 17th century which is 1650. Therefore, it is approximated that the age of enlightenment started in 1650s and went through 1780s (Wellesz, and Frederick 489). It is during this age that the intellectual and cultural forces within Western Europe put anShow MoreRelatedJohann Wolfgang von Goethe and Faust Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagescapture the ideal image of good vs. evil and how easily it can be misconstrued. â€Å"Of all the great dualities of hum an experience good and evil have been the most instrumental in shaping the beliefs, rituals, and laws, of Homo Sapiens.†(Argano) As a resourceful poet and artiste during the Enlightenment Age; Goethe’s poetry debates on the far-reaching theory, that man is willing to go above and beyond to achieve his goals. According to Adina Bodrogean, â€Å"Enlightenment meant in the English literatureRead MoreThe Origins Of Humanity And Major Periods : Middle Ages, Renaissance, And Enlightenment1454 Words   |  6 PagesOrigin of Humanity Alexis Jayne Milligan Bethune-Cookman University SS 245 WO Interdisciplinary Social Science Dr. Dorcas E. 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Types of Information Systems and its Applications †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Types of Information Systems and its Applications. Answer Introduction Information system can be defined or explained as the organization of hardware, people, software, resources, networks of communications and several policies and protocols. The information systems are applicable in case of storing, managing, processing and retrieving information in the business organization. The most important aspect of information system is the communication of information throughout the organization in an orderly manner. There are several types of information systems that are required for the purpose of running a business. This report discusses about the various types of information systems that are available to the organizations. It points out the application of each of them in brief. It also focuses on the application of these information systems in the area of various types of business. In this era of technology, information system has become an essential and integrated part of the business. A business cannot run or grow with manual labor. This report also points out the essential requirements of information system in the continuity of business. Importance of Information System The importance of information system is very high (Al-Mamary, Shamsuddin Aziati, 2014). This generation of technology needs information system to keep the operational flow of the organization in a proper way. The efficiency of businesses is improved by utilizing the information system in an orderly manner. Several projects can use information system to improve the operational efficiency of the project. Suppose the amount of stock needs to be recorded without any error. This can be well performed by information system. New products and services can be easily developed with the help of information system. A new project can be completed at a much faster pace because of the information system. The project plan will be successful by deploying any information system because it will be very simple process to design and develop a new product or business model in an effective manner. The reason behind the success of any project or company is satisfied customers and satisfies suppliers (Bajdor Grabara, 2014). A company will be able to generate more revenue and profit because they have generated goodwill in a proper way. Before starting the execution of any project, a company must select a suitable information system. Information system will be able to provide better service to the customers and suppliers resulting in the success of the new project and company. The decision making ability of the company is improved. A company is able to make correct decision regarding any plan of the project as well as while selecting a project. Correct decision will lead to correct and better outcome. It will also help to save time and energy of the people of an organization. This will lead to the better productivity of the organizations and will help the business grow. The competitive advantage of the organization is improved. Any project will gain competitive advantage over the other projects that are being initiated at the same time. Suppose there are four projects. The one that uses information system will have a competitive advantage over the other three projects. The survival of any business or project is important. This can be possible by using information system. Banks have introduced ATM for making it easy for the customers to access the accounts. These are few of the benefits that information system provides. The importance of the information system is evident from the above mentioned points. Types of Information Systems The classification of information systems can be done on the basis of their functionality and operations. Different levels of the organizations need different category of information systems. The various types of information systems are as follows: Transaction Processing System: This type of information system keeps the track record of any type of activity that takes place in the operational level of the business. The daily transactional activities are maintained by the transaction processing system. The operational levels of the organizations need this type of information system in order to carry out the daily operations in an effective manner. Process Control System: There are several processes in an organization. A business needs to monitor the progress of any activity and also monitor the processes in order to develop a business and continue its activity (Rainer et al., 2013). This is a type of information system that comprises of several computer programs as well as devices. Office Automation System: This is also known as enterprise collaboration system. This is one of the most important and widely used information systems. This system is helpful for managers to keep a track of all the employees and their activities. The daily official works of the employees are also reduced by the help of office automation systems. There is no single level in the organization where this can be used. This information system has helped to automate the manual processes of an organization. The chances of error are less and the productivity is much better. Management Information System: This is a type of information system that collects data from various departments of an organization and integrates it. This integrated data in presented to the managerial level for helping them to take decisions (Laudon Laudon, 2016). It also helps in the process of operational management. This system summarizes the entire information of the organization and presents it in a well formatted manner to the various levels in order to make decisions and monitor the activity of the entire business firm. Decision Support System: This is a type of information system that is made for a particular group in the organization. This helps to solve a decision that is semi structured. This system helps to evaluate several options that are available and select the best option out of it (Zayadskas et al., 2012). It performs calculations, comparisons and selection of any option out of various choices that are available. Executive Information System: This is a type of system that helps the executives of an organization to access information from internal as well as external sources (Mayer Weitzel, 2012). They present data in a graphical format. They even have the capacity to provide information in a detailed manner. It gathers information from DSS and MIS also. Strategic as well as tactical decisions can be taken by using EIS. Expert System: Commercial applications can be built by using the expert system (Kidd, 2012). These are totally based on knowledge and they are responsible for providing advice to the managers in taking any decision. These systems try to emulate the process of human reasoning. They have set of instructions that enable the system to work like a human expert. Strategic Information System: This is a type of information system that helps the business to make new strategies for developing and designing new services and products (Galliers Leidner, 2014).This system helps to provide competitive advantage to the business over its competitors. Information System on the basis of functional departments: An organization consists of several departments. Each of the department has its own functions. Sales and Marketing: This department uses an information system that helps in the efficient and effective sales and marketing activities of the business. Manufacturing and Production: This department uses an information system that helps to keep track of daily record and point out any type of inefficiencies that exist in the organization (Kumar, 2013). Finance and Accounting: This department handles the financial data of the entire organization. The information system used in the organization assesses the cash, investment, shares of the company (Romney Steinbart, 2012). It helps in capital budgeting and making balance sheet in a fast and effective manner. Application of Information System in Projects Research Projects: These are the type of projects where the organization has to find out details regarding one specific area or topic (Bell, 2014). Feasibility study is required. Here management information plays a vital role. Information from various departments are collected and presented in an effective manner. Decision Support System is also required for making certain crucial decisions. Steel Production and Mining Projects: These types of projects require monitoring of the process that is taking place. Physical processes need to be under surveillance. This type of project requires process control systems. Software Development Project: These types of projects require strategic information system, management information system and decision support system (Laudon et al., 2012). These information systems are required for saving time and improving the efficiency of the project procedure. Executive information system helps the software developers to collect information from internal and external sources to come to a decision. New Product Development Project: The strategic information system plays the most important role in developing and designing any new product, service and business models. It helps to take proper decisions and make proper choices while developing products (Pearlson, Saunders Galletta, 2016). This is a type of information system that helps the business to make new strategies for developing and designing new services and products. This system helps to provide competitive advantage to the business over its competitors. Construction Project: This type of project requires the process control information system in order to carry out a safe and efficient construction project (Sears et al., 2015). System Installation Project: These are the types of projects that require the installation of an IT system or a telephone system. Strategic information system and process control system play a major role in this project (Peppard Ward, 2016). Transaction processing system and finance and accounting systems are required in every project. In the initial planning stage the budget of a project must be prepared (Stair Reynolds, 2013).The finance and accounting system allow the project management team to carry out this task in a simple and fast manner. Transaction processing needs to be done so that the record of every activity is done. Executive information system will help the employees to communicate in a proper manner so that it leads to an effective decision. Conclusion This report concludes that there is an essential requirement of information system in this era of technology. There are several benefits of information systems that help the organizations to develop and grow. This report has discussed about several types of information systems and their characteristic. It has also mentioned about the application of the information systems in certain number of projects like construction, software development and many more. This report concludes that information systems can be used in various types of projects. In this era of technology, information system has become an essential and integrated part of the business. A business cannot run or grow with manual labor. This report has also pointed out the essential requirements of information system in the continuity of business. References Al-Mamary, Y., Shamsuddin, A., Aziati, N. (2014). The Role of Different Types of Information Systems In Business Organizations : A Review.International Journal Of Research (IJR),1(7). Bajdor, P., Grabara, I. (2014). The Role of Information System Flows in Fulfilling Customers Individual Orders.Journal of Studies in Social Sciences,7(2). Bell, J. (2014).Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (Eds.). (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Kidd, A. (Ed.). (2012).Knowledge acquisition for expert systems: A practical handbook. Springer Science Business Media. Kumar, N. (2013). Implementing lean manufacturing system: ISM approach.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,6(4), 996. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management information system. Pearson Education India. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P., Brabston, M. E., Chaney, M., Hawkins, L., Gaskin, S. (2012).Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, Seventh Canadian Edition (7th. Pearson. Mayer, J. H., Weitzel, T. (2012, January). Appropriate Interface Designs for Mobile End-User Devices--Up Close and Personalized Executive Information Systems as an Example. InSystem Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1677-1686). IEEE. Pearlson, K. E., Saunders, C. S., Galletta, D. F. (2016).Managing and Using Information Systems, Binder Ready Version: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley Sons. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016).The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Rainer, R. K., Cegielski, C. G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I., Sanchez-Rodriguez, C. (2013).Introduction to information systems. John Wiley Sons. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012).Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Sears, S. K., Sears, G. A., Clough, R. H., Rounds, J. L., Segner, R. O. (2015).Construction project management. John Wiley Sons. Stair, R., Reynolds, G. (2013).Principles of information systems. Cengage Learning. Zavadskas, E. K., Vaini?nas, P., Turskis, Z., Tamoaitien?, J. (2012). Multiple criteria decision support system for assessment of projects managers in construction.International Journal of Information Technology Decision Making,11(02), 501-520.

Jazz History free essay sample

Poetry can be defined as poetry that demonstrates jazz-like rhythm or the feeling of improvisation. During the sasss many poets began to experiment with the conventional forms of writing with rhythm which led to the invention of Jazz Poetry. Poetry and Jazz seemed to both evolve into each other which led to the merge that became known as Jazz Poetry. Jazz poetry has been an unorthodox style of writing since It was Invented In the sasss, The reason It has been considered out of the mainstream is that it was invented by African American artists n the sasss when segregation had not ended long ago. There were still Jim Crower laws In effect when this evolution was occurring. There was also a Renaissance occurring with this evolution called the Harlem Renaissance. This time In American History could be described as HOT NIGHTS and cool jazz. Steamy sidewalks and fancy dressers. We will write a custom essay sample on Jazz History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .. Songs of the soul and songs of the body The lilt of gentle laughter and the penetrating wail of the blues.. . Harlem was the home of many African American poets and musicians which was the perfect breeding grounds for creating jazz poetry.Harlem is a community in New York that lies in the northern half of the boroughs of Manhattan. Earliest poets were coined as Jazz poets there were not True Jazz Poets. The poets who only referred to jazz in their poems were called Jazz-Related Poets. Jazz poets would have to create a rhythm and imitates Jazz in its words and delivery. There were many different artists that had huge impacts on jazz poetry including one of the most famous; Louis Armstrong. It was said that Armstrong is the best Jazz musician to ever had lived. Louis Armstrong influenced many Jazz poets such as Mina LOL, andLongs Hughes. Longs Hughes is considered the founder of the Jazz Poetry genre since no artist before him could merge Jazz and poetry together as he did. Hughes was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin Missouri. He began writing poetry in the eighth grade and was elected the class poet. He was encouraged by his father to pursue a more practical career and attended college for a short amount of time but continued to write poetry. Luckily for the artistic community he decided to drop out of his program of study and pursue a writing career. His first poem published was also one of his cost famous and still is today and was entitled The Negro Speaks of Rivers. Many of his writings appeared in the NAACP magazines and other publications. One of Hughes favorite past-times became listening to blues, and Jazz while writing his poetry. This had a profound influence on his Blues. He moved to Harlem in 1924, during the Harlem Renaissance. During this time he became very popular and his works all flourished. In 1925 he decided to move to Washington D. C. ND there he spent even more time in Jazz and blues clubs. He was quoted as saying l tried to write the poems like the songs hey sang on seventh street. These songs had the pulse beat of the people who keep on going He died on May 22, 1967 of cancer. His home in Harlem was given landmark status by the New York Preservation Committee. Here is one of his Jazz poems: Negro Dancers Longs Hughes Me an ma babys Got two MO ways, Two MO ways to do De Charleston Dad, dad, Dad, dad, dad Soft light on the tables, Music gay, Brown-skin steppers In a cabaret.White folks, laugh White folks, pray Two MO ways to do De Charleston 1926 Jazz Poetry embodied what society was like in the time that it was written. Jazz Poetry also prospered from the closing of the sea port in New Orleans, musicians were forced up the Mississippi to find work. Chicago and New York were most affected by this because they popular because of prohibition which resulted in more Jobs being created for Jazz musicians and other forms of entertainment which led to more involvement in the entertainment business.Jazz poetry still remains today but has gone under many changes. It evolved even more in the sasss when it passed through the beat generation. The beat generation was composed of mainly whites that turned jazz poetry from racial pride and individuality into spontaneity and freedom. Jazz poetry became seen as statements against society and the regular flow of life by outsiders. The Beat Generation started out as a very small group of people. It consisted of four men who met in upper-Manhattan in the mid asss.They had a couple more followers Join before moving to San Francisco and had five more men Join their group. They all struggled very hard to get anything of theirs published. It was an awe inspiring experience to see how these men would keep each other from giving up. They finally caught a break when they had a famous poetry reading at the six gallery in San Francisco. After this first group of beat writers had been popularized another wave would sweep in. Here is a poem by a beat generations. Rapid by Gary Snyder Lay down these words Before your mind like rocks. Laced solid, by hands In choice of place, set Before the body of the mind Solidity of bark, leaf or wall rapid of things: Cobble of milky way, straying planets, These poems, people, lost ponies with Dragging saddles and rocky sure-foot trails. The worlds like an endless four-dimensional Game of Go. Ants and pebbles In the thin loam, each rock a word a creek-washed stone Granite: ingrained with torment of fire and weight Crystal and sediment linked hot all change, in thoughts, As well as things. This poem would be recited while some kind of musical interment would make a beat in the background. Bongos are a very popular instrument used when reciting poetry. In the sasss and asss Jazz poetry was reinvented as a source of racial pride by Leroy Jones who changed his name to Impair Bark. Bark was born on October 7, 1934 in Newark New Jersey. He Joined the U. S. Air Force but was kicked out in 1954 for suspension that he was a communist. His commanding officer had found soviet writings and declared that he had broken his oath of duty.He started working in a record warehouse which stemmed his interest for jazz. He came into contact with some members of the new beat generation which would later heavily influence his writings of poetry. Bark traces Jazz and the blues back to African Americans. After the death of Malcolm X he Harlem since he considered himself a cultural nationalist. Bark was arrested after he caught illegally carrying a weapon ND resisting arrest during a riot after Martin Luther King Jar. Had been assassinated. He then spent three years in Jail.Bark received many awards and honors in his life and actually became a Professor. The last form of Jazz Poetry is the modern form, Modern Jazz poetry is lyrics incorporated by hip-hop and rap artists by the use of a beat. Rap is paralleled to Jazz poetry in the way that rap is improvised lyrics to a beat. This captures the spontaneous, improvised portion of Jazz poetry. Just like Jazz poetry, raps lyrics are focused on the social situation of the time and cultural issues. It is argued by many people that rap is not a viable comparison of poetry. That its Just an overrated fad of the time. Hip -hop came into being in the early sasss and became a large part of American culture in the asss. Hip-hop or rap consists of a rapper, or poet, and a DC, the person who creates a beat. To have a successful set of lyrics you must have a good beat and be able to master the use of literary devices such as assonance, alliteration, and rhyme. Hip-hop began in the Bronx in the inner-city by mostly African American youth. It is now a commercially popular music genre and is part of the American Mainstream. Jazz History free essay sample Era Everyone has heard or at least has heard of Jazz music. The bands, the singers, and the Instruments make you want to get up and start dancing! Jazz music has been around longer than you would think and Is still a very popular type of music today. But do people know of the back story? How jazz started out, how it matured or even how today, it is used in deferent ways in music that you might not even notice? Not really. Jazz music may be one of the biggest impacts in our world today and we dont even see how.Jazz originally started out as sound like every other type of music does. But what makes them different is how the music is played; in a specific way with specific instruments to make that sound. To mix those parts together you would need influences to Improve the music in its own way. We will write a custom essay sample on Jazz History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Jazz, there were influences of European harmonies and American Instruments (Barber 53) and particularly the music of African- Americans who were determined to keep their own traditions alive (Barber 53) during slavery times around the sass.The music of the slaves began In New Orleans at a place called the Congo Square (Today known as Louis Armstrong Park) where they played spirituals, blues, and ragtime music and chanted and danced in circular patterns to the music. Then they mixed that music with European-based military music (Schuman 31). All this mixed together developed into the earliest form of jazz. Years later, Charles Buddy Bolder was named the father of Jazz for changing the instruments from strings to brass instruments. People ad began to call it lass. Over time it became known as jazz (Schuman 31). The exact history of Jazz is uncertain, but it is generally accepted that the music was born in New Orleans, came north to Chicago by way of traveling musicians, then spread to New York City-?and from there around the world. (Woos 27). Dance bands were also part of the Jazz history. They would sometimes dance to the music the musicians played. A typical band would have a front line which had a clarinet, trombone, and ornate or trumpet, and they were supported by a rhythm section that had a guitar or banjo, piano, bass or tuba, and drums.Jazz is a mixture of different styles; it is not just a single tune. The different styles depend on where they come from and how it was developed there. In Chicago, Jazz is an expression of cultural diversity (Kenney). Jazz players performed deferent styles all over the city in clubs, concerts and festivals. It still goes on today in the 21st century. In New Orleans, it is represented as reminder of where the African Americans come from and their rich, and prideful culture that they valued In slavery times.Instruments werent always Just used for music. During the Steno Rebellion in 1739, drums had been used to a signal an attack on the white population. (Gila). That caused South Carolina to ban the use of drums towards slaves. The Georgia slave codes were also established to prevent drums, horns and other loud Instruments. In order to convert the African Americans to Westernizes music, they used religion based ideas such as the Hymns andIt actually made the slaves do the opposite and want to play more, but enrich the European idioms with African Traditions. And Jazz is Just one of the genres that were produced through this enrichment. Jazz has a rich history that matured over a long period of time. And since no one knows exactly when it started, for all we know, it could have been around for over 300 years. The Jazz music you hear today may Just have a little part of how they played in the sass but its the new additions that everyone knows and that greatly impact our world today.

Psychology Genetic essays

Psychology Genetic essays Interest is growing in the application of evolutionary and genetic behavioral ecological theory to problems of human lifetimes age specific fertility and mortality, population growth, and emerging population-environment interactions. An understanding of human evolution, particularly the effects of environmental constraints on age-specific fertility and mortality offers insights not only into our past, but into modern problems that are both large scale and urgent. Past theories have helped little to illuminate such issues as the transition to small family size. Evolutionary theory has attained the status of new paradigms for personality. Three challenges for the next generation of research are to integrate these disparate approaches to personality (particularly the trait and social-cognitive paradigms), to remedy the imbalance in the person-situation-behavior triad by conceptualizing the basic properties of situations and behaviors, and to add to personality psychology's thin inventory of basic facts concerning the relations between personality and behavior. In the past few years, three new basic paradigms for the study of personality have joined the four classics just considered. Two of thesethe social-cognitive and biological approachesgrew out of the behaviorist and trait paradigms, respectively. The thirdevolutionary psychologydeserves to be considered a new paradigm in its own right. The evolutionary approach to personality, by contrast, focuses on the possibility that behavioral patterns common to all peoplehuman nature itselfhas a biological foundation that can be illuminated by considering the evolutionary history of the human species. Evolutionary ideas became an important part of biology beginning. The modern field of evolutionary psychology can be said to have begun with the sociobiology. The key idea that during the environment of evolutionary adaptation humans with certain behavioral propensities was partic...

Climate Change in Boreal Forests Research Paper

Climate Change in Boreal Forests - Research Paper Example According to the research findings the shifts occurring in climate is hence highly likely to affect the forest areas as well, due to the change in precipitation conditions, leading to an expansion in some forest areas, particularly those falling within temperate zones; and contraction in certain other areas, such as those witnessed in the Boreal forest regions and the tropical forest regions. The changes are believed to have occurred due to the change in global climate and precipitation levels, over the years. Although it is highly difficult to predict with accuracy, the exact change in forest areas, which can directly be attributed to climate change. There are various evidences based on empirical research on the subject and other available literature, which is discussed in the following sections. Research suggests that the factors such as climate change fuelled with unsustainable human activities such as deforestation and extensive land conversions are driving the deterioration of f orests and natural habitation worldwide. According to Burton et al such activities is likely to increase the risk of natural disasters such as forest fires especially in forest areas which have low precipitation and is prone to dryness in the weather as is observed in the Boreal forest range. The conifer-dominated Boreal forest comprises of almost one third of the earth's forest systems covering approximately 1.7 billion hectares stretching across Scandinavia, Alaska, Russia and northern Canada. (MNR.org, 2012). Almost two thirds of this forest range is located in the Eurasian region and the remaining one third in the Canadian province and Alaskan region (Hare and Ritchie, 1972). In Canada the boreal forest spans over a region of 290 million hectares and extends from the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest in Ontario to the lowlands in Hudson Bay. The Boreal forest comprises of a vast and varied range of flora and fauna, ranging from larch, pine, spruce to fir, birch, aspen, willow and alder. The overall composition of the boreal forest i.e. the natural vegetation, the soil, and the climate is relatively simple yet its interaction with the external forces as a result of climate change, such as the availability of necessary nutrients, rising temperature, and the ecology of forces has added to the complexity and gravity of the issue (Bonan, 1989; Bonan & Shugart, 1989; Viereck & Schandelmeier, 1980). The uniqueness of the composition of the Boreal forest enables it to sustain in the cold weather and store the large amount of carbon deposits which are held in its organic soils (McGuire et al., 1995; Alexeyev & Birdsey, 1998). The fact that the mean global temperature are on a steady rise and the temperature rise in the Boreal forest region, due to climate change, has been recorded in the upper latitudes in Northern Hemisphere (Serreze et al., 2000). The large scale transformations in the forest management practices, owing to the increase in unsustainable human activi ties, have resulted in a simultaneous rise in the GHG emissions (Schlamadinger & Marland, 1996). According to researchers, there are various other factors which account to an imbalance in the forest atmosphere which are likely to have a far worse and negative impact on the ecology, as compared to the CO2 emission (Jackson, et al., 2008; Bonan, 2008). These factors arise from the manipulation of the earth’s surface due to human activities, and have the capacity to affect the reflectivity of solar power leading to instant heating up of the atmosphere in and around the area hence ultimately resulting in disturbance and unequal distribution of energy within the climate system (Marland et al., 2003). The following figure shows the change in

Language is the Most Important Component of Communication Essay

Language is the Most Important Component of Communication - Essay Example The study of language, known as linguistics, has tried to show how language develops among different communities. This study also tries to understand the factors that contribute to similarities and differences in languages. It is clear from the chapter that language does not only mean the ability to talk. There are many forms of language used by human beings to communicate. Spoken language is the most common among them. Currently, there are about three thousands to six thousands different languages in the world. Linguistic anthropology, a branch of linguistics, majors in the study of structure of language. In this study, anthropologists study patterns of sound, the meaning of words made by these sounds, and how these words are combines to make meaningful sentences. Semantics are also covered in this area. Different people from different locations use different terns to describe similar things and physical phenomena in their environment. However, there are some similarities in some of their classifications for instance relatives. Also another area of concern for anthropologists is the origin of language. There are different models that explain the origin and development of language. For instance, from the behaviorist model, a person acquires and develops language from both negative and positive experiences. In linguistics, specifically historical linguistics, the relationship between different languages is also explored. ... Another field of linguistic anthropology is the study of non-verbal communication. Different communities have different forms of nonverbal communication. However, there are those that are universal. Non-verbal communication uses signs and body language to communicate different messages. This field of linguistics have helped very much especially in the study of sign language which is now being used universally. Yet another modern form of language is coded language which is very specialized. This field is being utilized in the field of science for instance in computers. Question two Language is part of every society’s culture therefore understanding the language of a community helps in understanding of a culture of a society. In studying the similarities, differences and development of languages of different communities, we are able to understand the societies better. For example there are communities that live in different geographic locations but have similar or related langua ges. Through this, we can be able to trace the origin of some communities. In these modern days, globalization has influenced almost all aspects in life language included. By making the world a global village means that there is a need for every person from any part of the world to understand each other. In the early times, communication was the major barrier to globalization. Studies in linguistics made everything easier all over sudden. With development of sign language people could communicate and even do business without necessarily having to talk. Again, development of sign language has helped in communication of people who cannot talk or hear. The study of linguistics is being applied

Ali Farrukh Essay Example for Free

Ali Farrukh Essay 1. A search engine site claims that, on average, one out of five visitors clicks on an ad. (a) If 8 users visit the site, what is the probability that at least three click on an ad? b) If 8 users visit the site, what is the probability that less than two of them click on an ad? c) If 800 users visit the site, would the probability that less than 200 click on an ad be higher or lower than the answer found in part (b)? Write a few sentences explaining your answer- computations are not required (or desired) d) Suppose 90 users visit the site during a particular minute, use the normal approximation to estimate the probability that more than 25 of them click on an ad. e) If 900 users visited the site, would the probability that more than 250 of them click on an ad be higher or lower than the answer found in part (d)? Write a few sentences explaining your answer- computations are not required (or desired) 2. Suppose that, overall, 5% of all tax returns are audited by the IRS. (a) If an accountant has 7 clients for whom she prepared tax returns, what is the probability that less than 3 will be audited? (b) If the accountant has 30 clients, what is the probability that at least one is audited? (c) Suppose the accountant prepares 500 returns, use the normal approximation to estimate the probability that more than 20 of the returns are audited. 3. Suppose the weight of eggs produced by Henly Farms has a mean of 59.7 g. with a standard deviation of 3.4 g. Find the probability that a carton of a dozen eggs will weigh less than 727 g. 4. Magazine Marketers is holding a sweepstakes. They list the following prizes and the probability of winning the prize: To enter the sweepstakes, you must pay $1 for postage. Find the expected profit for someone entering this sweepstakes. 6. Given below are the birth weights of babies born to mothers who took special vitamin supplements while pregnant: 3.13 4.37 3.93 4.33 3.39 3.68 4.68 3.52 3.02 4.29 2.47 4.13 4.47 3.22 3.43 2.54 a. Make a 99% confidence interval for the mean weight of babies whose mothers take vitamin supplements. b. Do a hypothesis test to determine if these babies weight is more than the mean weight for the population of all babies which is 3.39 kg using ÃŽ ± = .005 c. In a short paragraph, describe the relationship between your answer to part (a) and your answer to part (b). 8. In a study of the effectiveness of a new pain killer, 46 out of 821 patients tested reported experiencing side effects. Use ÃŽ ± = 0.01 significance level to determine if the proportion who experience side effects from this drug is lower than the 7.8% rate of side effects for the older version of this medication.

The Enlightenment- Attitudes of Society Essay -- Essays Papers

The Enlightenment- Attitudes of Society The Enlightenment brought about fundamental changes of thought in society.1 Philosophes such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau sought changes in society for the good of humanity. In addition to basic changes in society, the enlightenment brought about changes in thought in the areas of religion and science, the government, and the view of women. During the enlightenment, basic changes occurred in society. The philosophes helped bring about freedom of thought and speech, two freedoms which we often take for granted today. People became more educated, as a "print culture" emerged. Journals, newspapers and books were beginning to be widely available to the general public. This had both negative and positive impacts. The literate and illiterate became divided, and the illiterate poor only became poorer. However, the "print culture" did create the influential social force of public opinion. Writers wrote what their audiences wanted to hear, and that translated into a governmental awareness of public opinion. Governments tried to regulate and censor books, but they could not ignore the public’s criticisms of the government. The changes in society created a general sentiment of self-interest. People wanted to promote their happiness and welfare, and they were "confident and optimistic that they could discover natural law and perfect worlds." Sometimes, there was an "exaggerated belief in the perfectibility of man," such as in the sciences, which were still in early stages.2 The conflict between religion and science was one of the major issues of the enlightenment. New theories were being developed (like Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation) which went against the teachings of the c... ... thought were developed, governments were changed, and even though the philosophes were not really feminists, society’s views of women were changed, with the help of Mary Wollstonecraft. End notes 1. Snyder, Louis L. The Age of Reason. (NY: VanNostrand Reinhold Co, 1955), 13. 2. Snyder, 8. 3. Snyder, 8-11. 4. Scheider, Isidor. The Enlightenment: Culture of the 18th Century, (NY: George Braziller, Inc, 1965), 19. 5. Cody, David. "Deism." The Victorian Web. http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/religion/deism.html. (10 April 00). 6. Susan Gubar, "Feminist Misogyny: Mary Wollstonecraft and the Paradox of 'It Takes One to Know One," Feminist Studies, 20 (Fall 94): 455. 7. D.R. Woolf, "A Feminine Past? Gender, Genre and Historical Knowledge in England, 1500- 1800." American Historical Review, 102 (June 97), 667-668.

Leo Burnett Company LTD Essay

Leo Burnett is an advertising agency that was founded in 1935 in Chicago. One of their clients is Ontann Beauty Care (OBC), which is a leading global manufacturer of health and beauty care products. OBC has been awarding Leo Burnett’s (LB) its business for many years. OBC has been a client of LB’s Toronto and London offices since 1958 and mid-1970, respectively. OBC has centralized its global marketing campaign for a given brand and creates the communication materials as templates for local offices to follow. Local offices are then responsible for adapting these raw global materials and developing local â€Å"below the line† materials. LB also centralized its decision making to better service it original client. In 1998, OBC presented a new skin care line that would target a rapid growing population of consumer over the age of 50. This new skin care line would be called â€Å"Forever Young†, and was more expensive than other OBC skin care products. OBC awa rded its advertising and brand communication to LB. Mirroring the global OBC team structure; LB global brand team remained in London and formed satellite teams in Toronto and Taiwan. The Taiwanese Team would receive the creative templates from the LB global team and would adapt for the local market. In addition, they would have to adapt the television ads and retake photos for the print ads with an Asian model. The Toronto team would use English television ads and print advertising for the Canadian market. Furthermore, they would produce direct marketing and Web site materials. In short, the Toronto Team had less autonomy, and was not able to adapt to the Canadian market. The results showed the Forever Young launch in Taiwan was successful. While the results of the launch in Canada was below â€Å"action standards†, in spite of the success of the isolated pre-launch test. Furthermore, LB’s future business with OBC was now in jeopardy and tension raised within LB to improve the OBC brand in the Canadian market. One of the first contributing factors is the idea of Pluralism of Cultures vs. Cultural Pluralism. What should a firm pay attention to: The unique cultural characteristics of Canada or the variety of cultures within Canada? In my opinion, cultural pluralism is a contributing factor in the lack of success of the launch. Canada has many different cultures within its nation. When LB decided to use the data from a small town in the interior of British  Columbia to make a general assumption about the entire nation of Canada they should have known that one area should not be the blue print for an entire nation. The product trail and product sales indexed 120 against its objective, which had a base index of 100. This is a successful result, but that is only one area in Canada. For example, Canada is known for having a French and British influence in different areas. Canadian also has many American cultural norms. The Canadian launch indexed 50 against a base index of 100, which is not a surprising result considering the fact that LB only tested one area of Canada. Next, we have the idea of a global mindset. LB had their global team headquarters for the project in London. The reason for this was because London had experience in leading global business teams and it was closer to OBC’s global team. When dealing with Canada, LB London wanted to push English filmed television ads & print ads in the Canadian market. At the same time, LB allowed Taiwan to exercise autonomy. This proved to be unsuccessful for the Canadian market, and successful for the Taiwanese market. The reason for this is the idea that there needs to be shared views when it comes to thinking globally and locally. The ads being run in Taiwan were adapted to include a popular Asian actress, and this also allowed the product to show how effective it was on Asian skin. Taiwan is a successful example of incorporating local and global thinking. In Canada, ads featured a blond Caucasian actress as the lead in television and print ads. The Toronto team was not able to adapt the ads as they best see fit. The Canadian culture may not accept the ad because it was filmed under London assumptions and values. It did not take into consideration Canadian values. Specifically, Canadian consumers perceived the ads as violent. The case does not specify why it was considered violent, but if LB London allowed local thinking that situation might have been avoid. Another factor that contributed greatly to the events that occurred is culturally mediated cognitions in communication. Communication was very difficult in many cases for both LB Toronto and London. Teams relied increasingly on e-mails and phone calls. Although emailing is quick and easy to create, this does not help develop relationships, which does not build trust between parties involved. Also, Meta communication is not involved, which can be important in different cultures. For example, in an email you  are not able to hear the tone of a voice or the facial expression of the person sending the email. Speaking on the phone has similar weaknesses, which include not being able to visually see the person reactions. Lastly, videoconferences are personable, but may not be as convenient. This was apparent in the presentation of a creative concept to the London team which took 45 minutes and lead to frustration. The last contributing factor was poor management of global teams. One of the main problems was the inability to communicate directly to Carmichael. LB Toronto wound have to contact Annabel Forin, and then she would contact Carmichaels. Geoff spoke about the challenges he faced when working with someone else’s art direction by stating, â€Å"This would be easier if I could connect directly with Annabelle, but she’s on the road so much of the time it’s hard to catch her.† Lastly, referring to Toronto and Taiwan as a satellite may lower morale of employees because they may feel as though they are not as important as the headquarters in London. Lastly, the inability to manage global teams lead to extremely tight timeframes because the two teams would not be able to communicate effectively their desires leading to repeated changes in materials. My first recommendation is the ability to allow LB Toronto to think locally. To achieve this LB London should produce a creative template for a brand, but allow the Toronto team the adapt for the local market. The Toronto team knows what’s best, and has in-depth knowledge in their local market. The only problem that Carmichael sees with this is the fact that key executives have departed and that giving autonomy to an inexperienced team may not be a good idea, but I feel as though LB Toronto has a better grasp of the local market than LB London even with the absence of key figures. By allowing Toronto to have more autonomy this well also decrease the amount of interaction between London and Toronto because they are not using LB London’s work so the need for constant clarification will not be necessary. My Second recommendation is to improve marketing research on countries that LB plans to enter. The prelaunch test of British Columbia was not enough to make an assumption of the entire Canadian nation. Leo Burnett needs to ensure that they are identifying the different cultures and testing does  cultures. Once they have ample research on a particular company they can then enter the market. For example, if they enter US market it is important to realize that different areas of the country might value skin care products differently. In New York City skin care product may be popular, but in Seattle it may not be as popular. If emails and phone calls are still used there may be an adverse outcome between the culturally mediated cognitions in communication of two parties. With that being said, my third recommendation is to have a quick and simple training session to better understand how to effectively collaborate with another foreign team. By learning the culturally mediated cognitions in communication and communication protocol it will assist when two teams need to speak with each other on the phone or through email. The training sessions will include guidelines for communicating, and how to efficiently communicate your message to another countries team. Lastly, I recommend a better means of communication within LB through a better management of a virtual global teams. As mentioned before communication seemed very difficult especially for Geoff and Cathy Lee. Getting a hold of Carmichael was very inconvenient since they needed to first contact Annabel Forin. LB needs to create a better communication setup so that a team member can communicate directly with their supervisors, or their supervisor’s supervisor. This will allow members of team to get answers more efficiently instead of not receiving a response. The launch of Forever Young proved to be a challenge for Leo Burnett, but with the implementations of my recommendations we can insure that the losses we face in Canada are never faced again.

Jean Valjean And Genuine Dialogue - 964 Words

â€Å"In genuine dialogue the turning to the partner takes place in all truth, that is, it is a turning of the being† (Stewart, 75) Turning to the other and telling the truth allows true connection to take place in a conversation. As well, â€Å"†¦by accepting him as my partner in genuine dialogue I have affirmed him as a person† (Stewart, 75). This goes beyond speaking to someone, but instead actually recognizing they are a human being that deserves to be spoken to honestly. Likewise, â€Å"if genuine dialogue is to arise, everyone who takes part in it must bring himself into it. And that also means that he must be willing on each occasion to say what is really in his mind about the subject of conversation† (Stewart, 75). In order for dialogue to be†¦show more content†¦These conversations are known as fierce conversations. Fierce Conversations Scott notes that â€Å"a careful conversation is a failed conversation because it merely postpones the conversation that wants and needs to take place† (Scott, 20). In order to remain sane, continue upward mobility, and have a genuine relationship conversations must be fierce. â€Å"Fierce conversations are about moral courage, clear requests, and taking action† (Scott, 18-19). In order to have a fierce conversation, one must have the courage to take control and clearly say what is on their mind. Furthermore, â€Å"having a fierce conversation means â€Å"to come out from behind ourselves into the conversation and make it real† (Scott, 7). Not saying what is on one’s mind and hoping a situation either goes away or fixes itself is a very ineffective way to live one’s life. Even if someone may not want to discuss a particular topic it is necessary in order to confront problems and live the best life possible. A fierce conversation is turning towards the other and making a conversation real. In order for one to have a fierce conversation that reflects these qualities, they must make use of personal making present, meaning they must be ready to legitimately stand as a man, enter dialogue, and be ready to deal as a partner (Stewart, 71). Jean Valjean is ready to make this commitment when exposing his real